The Types of Diabetes Insipidus
Some people will think that diabetes insipidus is similar with diabetes mellitus but it’s wrong. Many people think that this diabetes is similar because they have almost same symptoms. Both of the diseases will increase urination and thirst. In some other respect, including the causes and treatment of the disorders, the diseases are completely unrelated.
Diabetes insipidus is referred to ‘water’ diabetes than ‘sugar’ diabetes. Actually Diabetes Insipidus is a disorder in which there is an abnormal increase in urine output, fluid intake and often thirst. Diabetes Insipidus causes symptoms such as urinary frequency, frequent awakening at night to urinate (nocturia), or enuresis (involuntary urination during sleep or ‘bedwetting’). The increasing of urinary frequency could happen because it is not concentrated normally.
You can see the consequently, instead of being yellow color, you can find pale urine, colorless, even watery in appearance. The measured of concentration is also low (osmolality or specific gravity). There are four types of diabetes insipidus. The central diabetes Insipidus is the most common form of serious DI. This type of DI will disrupt the normal storage and release of ADH. If you want to treat the ADH deficiency that results from any kind of damage to the hypothalamus or pituary. This is a synthetic hormone called desmopression that can be taken by an injection. The 2nd type of DI is Nephrogenic DI. This disease wills results when the kidneys are unable to respond to ADH. The kidneys’ ability to respond to ADH can be impaired by drugs like lithium, for example partial blockage of the ureters, sickle cell disease, kidney failure and more.
The 3rd type is Dipsogenic DI. This disease is caused by a defect in or damage to the thirst mechanism that is located in hypothalamus. Desmopressin or other drugs should not be used to treat this type of DI because it will decrease urine output but not thirst and fluid intake. This condition will lead to water intoxication. This is a condition that lowers concentration of sodium in the blood and can makes damage in the brain.
The last type of diabetes insipidus is gestational DI. This disease will only occur during pregnancy and results when an enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH in the mother. But the good news is most cases of this kind of Diabetes Insipidus can be treated with desmopressin. Go to the doctor first to find the type of your Diabetes Insipidus in order to get the best treatment.
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